Selasa, 19 Maret 2013

PERINTAH DASAR “SHOW” PADA ROUTER




Perintah umum yang digunakan untuk menampilkan dan memeriksa status dari router terbagi menjadi 4 kategori yaitu :
  1. General Use:
        show running-config
        show startup-config
        show version
  1. Routing Related:
        show ip protocols
        show ip route
  1. Interface Related:
        show interfaces
        show ip interface brief
        show protocols
  1. Connectivity Related:
        show cdp neighbors
        show sessions
        show ssh
        ping
        traceroute
Berikut penjelasan dari masing-masing perintah tersebut dan perintah singkatnya :
PERINTAH PENUH
PERINTAH SINGKAT
MAKSUD PERINTAH
Show running-config
 sh ru
Digunakan untuk menampilkan konfigurasi yang sedang berjalan di RAM. Termasuk host name, passwords, interface IP addresses, routing protocol yang aktif, DHCP dan konfigurasi NAT. Dapat dijalankan di EXEC mode. 
Show startup-config
sh st
Digunakan untuk menampilkan isi file konfigurasi yang tersimpan di NVRAM mulai dari Host Name, Passwords, Interface IP Addresses, Routing Protocol yang aktif, DHCP dan konfigurasi NAT.
Show version
sh v
Digunakan untuk menampilkan informasi tentang versi software yang sekarang sedang jalan lengkap dengan informasi hardware dan devicenya.
Show ip protocols
sh ip p
Berguna untuk memperlihatkan status interface IP secara global maupun khusus dari IP protokol routing yang telah dikonfigurasi dan sedang berjalan.
Show ip route
sh ip ro
Menampilkan konfirmasi pada Router yang telah di authentikasi oleh Router lain dan telah mampu memperoleh rute dari Router lainnya, selain itu juga digunakan untuk mengetahui konfigurasi IP yang dilakukan baik secara global maupun secara khusus.
Show interfaces
sh int
Digunakan untuk menampilkan statistic semua interface router  mulai dari FastEthernet dan Serial. Untuk menampilkan statistic interface tertentu, menggunakan perintah show interfaces diikuti dengan nomor port/slot interface, contoh :
Router#show interfaces serial 2/0
Show ip interface brief
sh  ip int br
Digunakan untuk menampilkan Konfigurasi pada interface yang terhubung pada router. Mulai dari konfigurasi yang sedang berjalan maupun yang konfigurasi yang tidak berjalan (belum terkonfigurasi). Pada perintah ini kita dibawa untuk mengetahui : Interface, IP-Address, Method, Status, Protocol.
Show protocols
sh prot
Menampilkan status interface baik secara global maupun khusus dari protokol layer 3 yang terkonfigurasi.
Show cdp neighbors
sh cdp ne
Digunakan untuk mengetahui Capability Codes perangkat yang tersambung, yang meliputi : R (IYN), T (Trans Bridge), B (Source Route Bridge), S (Switch), H (Host), I (IGMP), r (Repeater), P (Phone). Selain itu juga digunakan untuk mengetahui
Device ID diantaranya : Local Intrfce, Holdtme, Capability, Platform, Port ID.
Show sessions
sh ses
Untuk mengetahui koneksi yang sedang berjalan (koneksi yang di buka).
Show ssh
sh ss
Digunakan untuk melakukan koneksi dengan server SSHv2 dan SSHv1.
Ping
p
Digunakan untuk melakukan / melihat koneksi antar jaringan yang sedang berhubungan. Perintah ping harus diikuti address or hostname. Contoh : ping 192.168.1.1
Traceroute
tra
Perintah untuk menunjukkan rute yang dilewati paket untuk mencapai tujuan dengan mengirim pesan Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo Request Ke tujuan dengan nilai Time to Live yang semakin meningkat.. Rute yang ditampilkan adalah daftar interface router (yang paling dekat dengan host) yang terdapat pada jalur antara host dan tujuan.

Contoh penggunaan perintah show dalam packet tracer :
1.      Router#sh ru
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 633 bytes
version 12.2
no service timestamps log datetime msec
no service timestamps debug datetime msec
no service password-encryption
hostname Router
interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto
interface FastEthernet1/0
 no ip address
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 shutdown
interface Serial2/0
 ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
interface Serial3/0
 no ip address
 shutdown
interface FastEthernet4/0
 no ip address
 shutdown
interface FastEthernet5/0
 no ip address
 shutdown
ip classless
line con 0
line vty 0 4
 login
end
2.      Router#sh st
startup-config is not present
3.      Router#sh v
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) PT1000 Software (PT1000-I-M), Version 12.2(28), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc5)
Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport
Copyright (c) 1986-2005 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Wed 27-Apr-04 19:01 by miwang
Image text-base: 0x8000808C, data-base: 0x80A1FECC
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 12.1(3r)T2, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 2000 by cisco Systems, Inc.
ROM: PT1000 Software (PT1000-I-M), Version 12.2(28), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc5)

System returned to ROM by reload
System image file is "flash:pt1000-i-mz.122-28.bin"
PT 1001 (PTSC2005) processor (revision 0x200) with 60416K/5120K bytes of memory
Processor board ID PT0123 (0123)
PT2005 processor: part number 0, mask 01
Bridging software.
X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.
4 FastEthernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
2 Low-speed serial(sync/async) network interface(s)
32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
63488K bytes of ATA CompactFlash (Read/Write)
Configuration register is 0x2102
4.      Router#sh ip p
5.      Router#sh ip ro
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
6.      Router#sh int
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
  Hardware is Lance, address is 00e0.8fe9.9764 (bia 00e0.8fe9.9764)
  Internet address is 192.168.1.1/24
  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec,
     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
  Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
  ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00,
  Last input 00:00:08, output 00:00:05, output hang never
  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
  Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
  Queueing strategy: fifo
  Output queue :0/40 (size/max)
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
     8 packets input, 1024 bytes, 0 no buffer
     Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
     0 input packets with dribble condition detected
     8 packets output, 1248 bytes, 0 underruns
     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
     0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
     0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier
     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
FastEthernet1/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down (disabled)
  Hardware is Lance, address is 0001.970a.4e24 (bia 0001.970a.4e24)
  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec,
     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
  Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
  ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00,
  Last input 00:00:08, output 00:00:05, output hang never
  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
  Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
  Queueing strategy: fifo
  Output queue :0/40 (size/max)
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
     0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
     Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
     0 input packets with dribble condition detected
     0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
     0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
     0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier
     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
Serial2/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
  Hardware is HD64570
  Internet address is 192.168.2.1/24
  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 128 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
  Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
  Last input never, output never, output hang never
  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
  Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
  Queueing strategy: weighted fair
  Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
     Conversations  0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)
     Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
     Available Bandwidth 96 kilobits/sec
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
     0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
     Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
     0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
     0 carrier transitions
     DCD=up  DSR=up  DTR=up  RTS=up  CTS=up
Serial3/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down (disabled)
  Hardware is HD64570
  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 128 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
  Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
  Last input never, output never, output hang never
  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
  Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
  Queueing strategy: weighted fair
  Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
     Conversations  0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)
     Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
     Available Bandwidth 96 kilobits/sec
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
     0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
     Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
     0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
     0 carrier transitions
     DCD=down  DSR=down  DTR=down  RTS=down  CTS=down
FastEthernet4/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down (disabled)
  Hardware is Lance, address is 0009.7c30.2c04 (bia 0009.7c30.2c04)
  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec,
     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
  Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
  ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00,
  Last input 00:00:08, output 00:00:05, output hang never
  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
  Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
  Queueing strategy: fifo
  Output queue :0/40 (size/max)
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
     0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
     Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
     0 input packets with dribble condition detected
     0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
     0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
     0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier
     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
FastEthernet5/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down (disabled)
  Hardware is Lance, address is 0060.470b.9631 (bia 0060.470b.9631)
  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec,
     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
  Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
  ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00,
  Last input 00:00:08, output 00:00:05, output hang never
  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
  Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
  Queueing strategy: fifo
  Output queue :0/40 (size/max)
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
     0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
     Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
     0 input packets with dribble condition detected
     0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
     0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
     0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier
     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out   
7.      Router#sh ip int br
Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
FastEthernet0/0        192.168.1.1     YES manual up                    up
FastEthernet1/0        unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
Serial2/0              192.168.2.1     YES manual up                    up
Serial3/0              unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
FastEthernet4/0        unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
FastEthernet5/0        unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
8.      Router#show prot
Global values:
  Internet Protocol routing is enabled
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet address is 192.168.1.1/24
FastEthernet1/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Serial2/0 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet address is 192.168.2.1/24
Serial3/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
FastEthernet4/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
FastEthernet5/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
9.      Router#sh cdp ne
Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge
                  S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater, P - Phone
Device ID    Local Intrfce   Holdtme    Capability   Platform    Port ID
Router       Ser 2/0          169            R       PT1000      Ser 2/0
10.  Router#sh ses
% No connections open
11.  Router#sh ss
%No SSHv2 server connections running.
%No SSHv1 server connections running.
12.  Router#p 192.168.3.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 0/9/16 ms
13.  Router#tra 192.168.2.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.168.2.2
  1   192.168.2.1     31 msec   32 msec   31 msec  
  2   192.168.2.2     47 msec   63 msec   62 msec